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Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway - 580 Words

E.B. White once said, â€Å"Theres no limit to how complicated things can get, on account of one thing always leading to another.† This quotation means that nobody ever knows how complicated things are going to get, and on top of that they can get worse. One can agree with this statement because in life you can go through unexpected situations that really affect your life in a negative way, and in life things might get worse. Both Soldiers home by Ernest Hemingway and Hills like white elephants by Ernest Hemingway support the idea that Life is a complicated place. He portrays this through his main male characters of both of his story’s, The American and Harold, they both try to find the easiest way out of complicated situations. To begin the novel shows that Hemingway portrays life as a complicated place through his main character The American. Ernest portrays men as the dominant sex in all of his writings. In Hills like white elephants The American is faced with a comp licated situation, such as Jig being pregnant. The American wants Jig to have an abortion and is giving her no choice by cornering her, making her feel like having a child isn’t a good thing. He states ‘Of course I don’t want anybody but you. I don’t want anyone else. And I know it’s perfectly simple† (Hemingway 2). He is pushing her to have the abortion by telling her he didn’t want anyone but her. When in reality he just didn’t want her to have the baby. He was given a difficult situation and tried to find theShow MoreRelated`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway886 Words   |  4 Pagesreader could put themselves into. Whether they choose to partake in a wayward journey full of adventure or the daily life of a human being with morals; a story’s aspect influences those thoughts with a deeper understanding. In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† it follows an American man and girl at a resting point during their travels. They arrived by train, stopping between Barcelona and Madrid. While there, they patiently waited for the next train at a bar inside of the station.Read MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway893 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was a prolific writer. His short story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† shows the tense situation between a man and a woman on vacation. Hemingway chooses to be vague in many ways. He never gives real names to his characters, nor explicitly states where they are besides hinting that they are in Spain. Additionally, he leaves it entirely to the reader to discover what the couple is discussing. By only providing information to the reader through only the dialogue of the two centralRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway939 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† written by Ernest Hemingway, is an intriguing literary work that foretells the story of a man and a woman waiting for a train, whilst discussing their feelings and emotions towards the surgical operation that is about to occur on the woman. Although the story was originally written in August 1927, the piece was later published in Hemingway’s short story collection ‘Men Without Women’. The text includes a wide variety of literary terms and has various criticalRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway990 Words   |  4 Pages Another relationship coming to an end†¦ Throughout the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† written in 1927 by Ernest Hemingway, he used the train station setting, the desired operation, and obviously the relationship between the American and the girl to symbolize a crumbling relationship and unwanted gift between them. The American and the girl find themselves wound up in a rough, unplanned situation that they are trying to fix. Many bread crumbs are dropped throughout the story to symbolize a collapsingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1446 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† explores the topics of abortion, sex before marriage, and feelings of separation. There are many different points of view one can take on Hemingway’s work. The main literary analysis that will be explained is the significance of the title and how it is layered into the story in various places. In addition to this, the narrator’s point of view will also be discussed since it plays a role in bringing the characters together. Lastly, it willRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway1750 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway’s stories are known for their ever interpreting meanings behind them, and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† does not trail from the rest due to the never mentioned word ‘abortion’. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† written by Ernest Hemingway, takes place around World War 1 in Spain, at a train station (Hills Like White Elephants. 4). An American man and a girl have been discussing the girl’s unspecific operation. It is apparent that the girl is perturbed about this operation, while theRead More`` Hills Like White Elephant `` By Ernest Hemingway865 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore it begins, or as easily getting rid of problem before it even became one. In the short story â€Å"Hills like White Elephant†, the compensation of abortion can easily be seen between Jig and her American lover’s decision whether to keep t he innocent’s life or not. Ernest Hemingway uses the fiction element plot, symbolism, and setting to illustrate the theme of abortion in â€Å"Hills like White Elephants.† Abortion has been viewed as a crucial struggle between couples. Many view this situation as endingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1037 Words   |  5 PagesOlivia Sellers English 102 Scheck February 10, 2016 â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be puzzling and hard to decipher. Due to this, a number of conclusions can be drawn away from the text. The dialog between characters leaves a number of questions unanswered and leaves the reader confused about the conversation as a whole. Many things are left unsaid and not explained in the story, with that being the case, the reader must takeRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1432 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstood behaviors. Ernest Hemingway weaves both of these stereotypes into his short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† The story’s plot revolves around a couple arguing about whether or not to have an abortion. In Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† a theme of male domination can be found, but by examining the dialogue closely, a theme of females asserting their will and manipulating emerges as well. Male domination is the primary and most obvious theme in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† During theRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, By Ernest Hemingway1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway: The Morality Within the Operation Ernest Hemingway created the iceberg theory, by which he expects the reader to know a great deal of information from the little he expresses in his work. This style is evident in his short story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† because the information the reader must obtain is hidden underneath the surface. This writing style often confuses the reader, but when the short story is read multiple times, the reader can

Managing Consumer Markets for Sustainable - myassignmenthelp

Question: Explain the importance of marketing in a sustainable environment. Answer: At around 5:45 pm, the Populus caf was crowded with lots of people. Having gone to take a cup of coffee the place was really hard to access even a waiter who would just take a single simple order. A hot coffee latte was all I wanted. Regardless of my dire want for a cup of coffee, it took me a whole 30 minutes to be served. Every person who came into the caf must have been here before. The casual and cozy setting of the caf proved it. Almost every customer knew each other an observation I made from their casual greetings. Been a first timer and without company, I had to keenly observe the caf unfolding as I found it a nice place to bring a friend the next time I would be here at the Populus cafe. When it comes to marketing there are the basic marketing principles which are four and work effectively in a Marketing strategy. Marketing is a vital social procedure which comes out from a community to aid the efficient and effective society's resolution demand for a switch of values of consumption. The way to attract many consumers and how to get a product at them is an art which ought to be understood. Every company that is considered great has a strategy of marketing and has to be exceptional (Wood, 2000). There exist lots of marketers and each and every marketer has a specific and unique way to market their products but most professionals when it comes to marketing agree on a couple on marketing principles fundamentals. Marketing has what is called the 7 Ps. Product The product Populus cafe is offering is either tangible that means that the item is physical (coffee) or intangible (service), which attracts a whole variety of customers. Mostly these happen to be on the services. The degree at which a product satisfies the consumers needs and also provides a value lays an examination ground of how the product is to be evaluated (Kotler, 1969). There are expectations from a customer that the product should satisfy. The product should have features and also accessories that should help in the impression of the product. When one is creating a product one needs to consider some factors such as the branding, the name of the product and also the warranty of the period. Price The second principle which is the price is the value or how much in terms of monetary terms the consumers purchase the product at. In this case, how much Populus cafe is selling its coffee and services? The price tag of a product determines how much profit the product owners are going to experience. The demand for a product rises when the prices fall which means that the per unit profit decreases. Pricing has models such as Cost plus pricing which is to your cost of production a specific percentage is added. Also the value based pricing; this is used mainly used on expensive and luxury products. According to the customer's perception of a commodity, the price is set. Efficient pricing escalates the profits in total for an organization by harmonizing the in demand per unit profit. Relatively the price of coffee at populous caf is considerable. Place This is where the distribution channels are considered in the place principle. How the product goes into the existing market and where to sell one's product. If the products cannot reach the consumers then it means they have nothing to buy (Steenkamp, 2000). The channels of distribution are very vital part in production structure, shipping, warehouses and points of sale which make it possible for consumers to find products at retail outlets. Populus caf is located at the heart of offices. Many people who come here are from the offices judging on their official wear. That doesnt mean the doors are closed for any other person. Students come here for class discussions which make Populus caf popular. To make a good accessible and desirable then the channels of distribution have to be efficient, easy and reliable. The distribution chain of command is also important. From the producer to the wholesalers then to retailers and finally to consumers determines how the goods will be effectively distributed. Promotion The communication between the consumers and the product or services providers is a principle of promotion. The way potential customers get the word about the product is important. The best and most relied on the form of promotion is known as advertising. Advertising is utilized well when the media creeps in. Promotion is diverse and it includes anything from media and print advertising to selling directly or customer spreading information to a potential customer (Shostack, 1977). For one to communicate perfectly one has to choose the perfect form of promotion in order to pass the intended information and to the right consumers. With a combination of all the principles then the marketing strategy is said to be effective. People The service is determined by the people. The chefs and the waiters define Populus cafe. Even with the delayed service. The waiters are polite and besides that, they are smartly dressed. Most companies in this era are doing staff training in order to satisfy the customers' needs. In the caf, it looks no different. Process Populus caf being a coffee shop it provides quick services. The reason as they thrive in providing the kind of service is their confidence in delivering the type of services they do offer. The Caf demands the type of service and no service quality is compromised. To reach to the end customer and establish rapport and the service is fast requires proficiency and Populus caf got it all. Physical evidence The ambiance of the Caf is so unique. The combination of the lights and the wall paper is so unique that it gives a whole different experience from any other coffee shop. The setting of caf is casual but so attractive that one longs to be in the caf forever. The comfort ability makes a customer feel at home. The music at the music is amazing. The contemporary music gives the customer the sense of belonging. Identify the differences between service and product marketing There exist a lot of differences and similarities when it comes to services and product marketing. Both the services and products gain from name and trust recognition additions into the materials of marketing. Purchasers get impulse from the products unlike in services delivery which needs time. There exist differences between marketing products and services which mostly are based on the building of relationship (Vargo, 2004). Trust In service based business one trusts themselves to deliver services as described. The ability to trust in one self is outstanding. In marketing, a service one needs to feed in confidence and trust since no one receives anything tangible after exchanging money. The result is service oriented after making promises to customers. Time When one sells a service it means that time is being sold too. On selling a product it means an investment of time has occurred for product acquisition. The process repeatedly occurs without further time investment. On the other hand, services are time investive by nature. There is no time that one can provide a service and not use time. In marketing, time is very important since one has to work on a time frame and one has to deliver the within the agreed time period without failure expectancy from the customers mostly (Mathieu, 2001). Certainty is a must in trust enhancement. Clear and vivid time estimation is required in the production of services with the surety of good services in professionalism. Deliverability It is possible to estimate the time that one would deliver a product ordered through the mail or even a telephone call. The customers can purchase the product immediately in case one is selling from a store. When it comes to services the delivery is made after the ordering process and the delivery times and order times vary. The biggest challenge that comes with marketing the services is convincing the customers that quality results will be presented within a specific period of time. When it comes to the marketing of services the clients often refer to one another and it makes it even harder for service providers to convince the consumers who have had a negative testimonial from another client having undertaken the same service the customer is craving for (Gebauer, 2008). The ability to change the mindset comes in when the service provider assures the consumer of a different strategy which makes the marketing strategy different altogether. Wants and needs A lot of products can be promoted in various methods that can lead to bulk buying. In case one sees attractive products one can instantly buy them without a second thought. Justification might come in that the purchasing of the shoe is to attend an event or something of the sort but in reality, they gave in to the wants. When it comes to service bulk purchasing rarely happens. So what happens is the expert service marketers get out in the field and explain to the consumers how the service is amazing to experience. By way of conviction the experts make the consumers advance into buying the services and in the final end the consumers end up justifying their wants and needs. In short, the procedure in the service industry is long and tedious and in some way expensive since there are experts involvements. Relationships In a service based business customer relationships are vital unlike in the marketing product business (Furrer, 2000). Although in product business activities like branding and name recognition require relationships. In the service industry, for one to continue earning money even in the future one has to build relationships which help to strengthen the service provider-client bond. Explain business and consumer marketing There exist a big difference between the business to a consumer which is the transactions carried out between business and consumers directly and business to business which is generally the transaction of commerce between two businesses (Solomon, 2014). Further differences are that: When it comes to customers most of them want products which are discretionary. The consumers do not necessarily need the product but just want it. On the other hand, businesses are out to buy a solution for a need not just a want. The products purchased are to be used for operations in order to solve problems that occur daily. The number of the target when in regards to consumer market they target a huge number of consumers who are going to buy the products in bulk with in considerable prices in contrast with the business marketing where the market size is small and highly specialized (Ranganathan, 2002). The small size buys the products at very considerable prices. Business marketers target and put all their energy into the targeted business to create a high profile business relationship with a goal of making it work for long while on the customers marketing, a relationship is not highly considerable. They focus on that particular event of a sale and after that; they expect to get n ew customers (Sheth, 2007). When it comes to after sales services in business marketing it happens often since the relationship established is of top notch degree. So it means that constant contact is made to ensure that the products sold are still in order but the main reason is to establish undying links to enhance business in future. Where else in customer marketing after sales services are not considered. The transaction is remote and it is not considered to be that important since there is no reliance that the next time the customer will be back. In cases where consumers buy in bulk after sales services are done to ensure the customer comes back as that specific consumer is beneficial to the business in a huge way (Ford, 2002). Reference Wood, L. (2000): Brands and brand equity: definition and management.Management decision,38(9), 662-669. Kotler, P., Levy, S. J. (1969): Broadening the concept of marketing.The Journal of Marketing, 10-15. Steenkamp, J. B. E., Baumgartner, H. (2000): On the use of structural equation models for marketing modeling.International Journal of Research in Marketing,17(2), 195-202. Shostack, G. L. (1977): Breaking free from product marketing.The Journal of Marketing, 73-80. Vargo, S. L., Lusch, R. F. (2004): The four service marketing myths: remnants of a goods-based, manufacturing model.Journal of service research,6(4), 324-335. Mathieu, V. (2001): Product services: from a service supporting the product to a service supporting the client.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,16(1), 39-61. Gebauer, H. (2008): Identifying service strategies in product manufacturing companies by exploring environmentstrategy configurations.Industrial marketing management,37(3), 278-291. Furrer, O., Liu, B. S. C., Sudharshan, D. (2000): The relationships between culture and service quality perceptions: Basis for cross-cultural market segmentation and resource allocation.Journal of service research,2(4), 355-371. Ranganathan, C., Ganapathy, S. (2002): Key dimensions of business-to-consumer web sites.Information Management,39(6), 457-465. Solomon, M. R. (2014): Consumer Behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sheth, J. N., Uslay, C. (2007): Implications of the revised definition of marketing: from exchange to value creation.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,26(2), 302-307. Ford, D. (Ed.). (2002): Understanding business marketing and purchasing: an interaction approach. Cengage Learning EMEA.

Motivation The Need to Achieve

Psychologists’ view on origin of motivation Motivation in sports fluctuates from time and from individual to individual. Its unpredictability has seen many mediocre sportsmen turn into champions and heroes while great sportsmen turn into mediocre villains. The complexity of motivation has led to several psychologists coming up with various explanations on the source of motivation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation: The Need to Achieve specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As early as 1889, psychologists such as Norman Triplett had posited that motivation is as result of social setting (Triplett, 1898; Carlson Heth, 2009). Even though several years later many psychologists also tried to explain what causes motivation or lack of it from various viewpoints, one thing they unanimously agreed on was that human beings have no control over their motivation process at some point. The debates aside, motivation stems from both our biological make up and experience (Harrnstein, 1972; Maslow, 1987). Theories on motivation One theory on motivation is the goal setting-theory which postulates that many people are driven to success measured by finally reaching the desired definite end. Such individuals will work to achieve these goals especially if they are moderate in nature. This is because optimal drive to succeed is achieved as low or too high goals will only work to discourage the individual. That is, he will be driven to success by the close proximity and yet uncertainty of success which is very specific. Thus, tasks which are very specific, with moderate difficulty and proximity will be more motivating than those which are general and too difficult to achieve. Setting of goals is only possible because human beings have self determination to succeed. This is what is postulated by the self-determination theory to explain what drives human beings to achieve. This theory opines that humans a re inherently driven to grow and develop and hence our source of motivation is somewhat inborn. However, this theory recognizes the role of external factors as the main activators of this innate drive to succeed. The need to control the events of our lives in order to feel connected to others and be competent in our skills is the primary sources of our motivation. Hence, human beings are able to control their thoughts and conscious and channel them towards striving for excellence (Murphy, 2009; Ryan Deci, 2000). Thus, we are able to control our desires for success, and feelings of pleasure and acceptance (Ryan Deci, 2000). The Need hierarchy theory of motivation states that human beings are only driven to success by those needs which they have not satisfied. Since, human beings have complex needs, they are satisfied from bottom up with those on the higher levels satisfied first. As one moves up the hierarchy of needs, the drive to achieve increases. Thus, the drive that an individ ual has for quenching his thirst or filling an empty stomach is lower compared to that of achieving his full potential or self actualization which is the highest level of need.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Incentive theory of motivation cuts across various theories of motivation. It somewhat incorporates all these theories in a bid to explain the complexity of motivation. Incentives to move to greater heights can come in various forms. Others can be intrinsic while others can be extrinsic but they all act as incentives towards success. Satisfaction achieved from participating in activities gives us the feeling of pleasure and acceptance. This can be encouraging enough to drive us to success. The rewards of pleasure and acceptance are usually intrinsic as postulated by self-determination theory. External stimuli activate these internal stimuli. However, it has to be noted that external and internal stimuli sometimes work antagonistically. Continued usage of external stimuli as a source of motivation may eventually replace the innate drive to succeed. Like sportsmen, we have an intrinsic desire to win, improve ourselves and learn new ideas. On the other hand, extrinsically we can be driven by the desire having rewards such as medals, promotion and money among others. When such rewards are not forthcoming, we may lose our motivation. (Baumeister Vohs, 2004; Carver Scheier, 2001). However, when an external stimulus is introduced, they lose their autonomy. And when such stimulus is withdrawn, our motivation slumps. Conversely, such external rewards as trophies, scholarships, medals and money may be so ingrained in us that they become more or less part of us. Hence, we will go a great length to achieve them. In this scenario, such external stimuli almost become intrinsic because failure to attain them will only push us to work harder, thereby, raising our mo tivation. Such external stimuli, when achieved would become part and parcel of our growth, hence becoming a ‘biological need’. Because intrinsic stimuli are not always a guarantee, there is need to find a suitable extrinsic stimuli to drive us to success. This should be done with caution though as over usage of external stimuli may eventually replace internal stimuli. Self-efficacy and self-esteem as motivators However, sometimes we lack both stimuli. Thus, we will not make any attempt to participate in any activity even though we might be assured of success. Our lack of motivation can be attributed to lack of or low self-esteem and lack of or low self-efficacy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation: The Need to Achieve specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With self-efficacy, we are able to carry out a self evaluation of our capabilities to achieve any goal of any difficulty and even without a glim mer of hope of succeeding. More, we can have the drive even if the goals are not clear. (Ormrod, 2006; Bandura, 1997). When we have high self-efficacy levels we are highly driven, hence will always go an extra mile to achieve success. Contrarily, low self-efficacy levels lead to low motivation as the lack self belief is vital for motivation and achieving success. Self-efficacy is more of being overconfident (Luszczynska Schwarzer, 2005) which many people have spoken ill of. When properly utilized, overconfidence can motivate us to success rather lead to our downfall as many believe. However, there is a difference between being overconfident and feeling good one’s self which is termed as self-esteem (Fishbein, Ajzen, 1975). Feeling good does have the element of the sense of belonging that can effectively and strongly drive an individual to success. The competitive nature of life’s challenges requires more than just feeling good; the pain of losing, the joy of winning and the long strenuous hours of practice demand commitment and consistency that can only be achieved through high motivation. Ego and goal-orientation as motivators One can only be moved to action by self-esteem; however, to sustain the action despite the challenges, one needs goals to achieve. Such goals can only be set when an individual has high self-efficacy. Like an overconfident individual, egoistic people have been shunned for most people to believe that their ego will cloud their judgment. However, the ego can be a greater motivator as we would always want to be the best. This is unlike a goal oriented individual who would go to a great length to learn something new and grow. Indeed, an individual who is able to find a common ground between being goal oriented and ego oriented would, however, be more successful (Walle, 1997; Locke Latham, 2006). Conclusions Due to the critical role that motivation plays in the success in our lives, it is important for us to understand what motivates us. We should be able to classify stimuli as extrinsic or intrinsic. Such information is very important as it will help us in mapping out appropriate action plans in our lives and formulate ways in dealing with those times when we are lowly or highly motivated (The British Psychological Society). However, we should take charge of our own lives and motivational processes by changing our attitudes, cutting a niche for ourselves in the environment we live in and become actively involved in the activities we engage in. Moreover, concentrating on the positive things, praising others and staying around motivated teammates will be a great boost.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Limitations of the article and how to improve the article These theories on motivation in life few lack of corroborating evidence to support their numerous points of view. Even though psychologists argue their cases effectively, they do not cite other researchers to affirm their cases. Moreover, they do not use real life scenarios to prove the validity of most of their assertions. Thus, there need to carry out more research studies into the causes of motivation. They studies should extend into other numerous fields other life, education, business and sports. Moreover, there is overemphasis on motivation as the sole driver of life ignoring other aspects such as spirituality. Success in life does not entirely depend on motivation as many spiritual leaders and people believe that to succeed in life; we need the divine power that comes from God. There is need to study the psychology of those who entirely believe in spirituality as the drive to success. In addition, since there is contin ued use of performance enhancing drugs amongst many sportsmen, there is need to study their psychology and what drives them into using such drugs to improve their performance. References Alexander, P., Ryan, R., Deci, E. (2000). â€Å"Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions†. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25 (1). Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman. Baumeister, R., Vohs, K. (2004). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications. New York: Guilford Press. Carlson, N. R., Heth, C.D. (2009). Psychology the Science of Behavior. Toronto: Pearson Education. Carver, C., Scheier, F. (2001). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press. Eliot, J. Motivation: The Need to Achieve. In: Murphy, S. (1957). The Sport Psych Handbook. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An in troduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Harrnstein, J. (1972). â€Å"Nature as Nurture: Behaviorism and the Instinct Doctrine†. Behavior 1 (1): 23–52. Lepper, M., Greene, D., Nisbet, R. (1973). â€Å"Undermining Children’s Intrinsic Interest with Extrinsic Reward; A Test of ‘Overjustification’ Hypothesis†. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 28: 129†37. Locke, E., Latham, G. (2006). â€Å"New directions in goal-setting theory†. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15: 265-268. Luszczynska, A., Schwarzer, R. (2005). â€Å"Social cognitive theory. In M. Conner P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behavior (2nd ed.). Buckingham, England: Open University Press. Maslow, A. H. (1987). Motivation and Personality. New York: Pearson Education. Murphy, J. (2009). Inner Excellence. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ormrod, J. E. (2006). Educational Psychology: Developing Learners. (5th ed.). Upper Saddle Ri ver, N.J.: Pearson. Ryan, R., Deci, L. (2000). â€Å"Self-Determination Theory and the Facilation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being†. American Psychologist. The British Psychological Society. (n.d). Becoming an Educational Psychologist. Retrieved from https://careers.bps.org.uk/area/educational Triplett, N. (1898). The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of Psychology, 9: 507-533. Wigfield, A., et al. (2004). â€Å"Children’s motivation for reading: Domain specificity and instructional influences†. The Journal of Educational Research, 97: 299-309. Walle, D. (1997). â€Å"Development and validation of a work domain goal orientation instrument†. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 8: 995-1015. This essay on Motivation: The Need to Achieve was written and submitted by user Jed1d1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Catcher in the Rye Quotes

'The Catcher in the Rye' Quotes J.D. Salinger’s use of informal language in The Catcher in the Rye is part of the novel’s enduring popularity. But the writing style wasn’t chosen simply to make it accessible; Salinger mimics the patterns and rhythm of a story being told orally, giving readers the almost subliminal sense that they’re listening to Holden Caulfield instead of reading a book. The result is a powerful sense of the character despite his obvious unreliability and tendency to lie, and the ability to pull almost any quote from the novel and find plenty of meaning and symbolism. â€Å"‛Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake,’ he said. ‛That’s a deer shooting hat.Like hell it is.’ I took it off and looked at it. I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. ‛This is a people shooting hat,’ I said. ‛I shoot people in this hat.’† Holden’s red hunting cap is ridiculous, and there is plenty of evidence that he’s aware of that fact, aware that walking around an urban setting wearing a bright red hunting cap is weird. On a surface level- surface because it’s the obvious reason for the cap that Holden himself admits to- the cap symbolizes Holden’s independent spirit, his determination to not be like everyone else. This quote demonstrates Holden’s own perception of the hat as a disruptive tool, a layer of protective armor that allows him to attack the people he meets, if only in his mind. Holden’s misanthropy grows steadily throughout the novel as people he admires disappoint him and those he despises confirm his suspicions, and the red hunting cap symbolizes his willingness to shoot those people, or attack them and insult them. â€Å"The trouble was, that kind of junk is sort of fascinating to watch, even if you don’t want it to be.† As Holden observes the perverts at the hotel, he feels conflicted. He admits to being fascinated, but he’s also clearly disapproving. His sense of helplessness is part of his emotional collapse- Holden doesn’t want to grow up, but his body is outside his control, which is terrifying to him. â€Å"The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody’d move ... Nobody’d be different. The only thing that would be different would be you.† Unlike the ducks, which disturb Holden due to their regular disappearance, he finds comfort in the museum he takes Phoebe to, reveling in its static nature. No matter how long he stays away, the exhibits and the experience remain the same. This is comforting to Holden, who is terrified of change and who feels wholly unprepared to grow up and accept his mortality- and his responsibility. â€Å"The part that got me was, there was a lady sitting next to me that cried all through the goddam picture. The phonier it got, the more she cried. Youd have thought she did it because she was kindhearted as hell, but I was sitting right next to her, and she wasnt. She had this little kid with her that was bored as hell and had to go to the bathroom, but she wouldnt take him. She kept telling him to sit still and behave himself. She was about as kindhearted as a goddam wolf.† There are many quotes about the phonies that Holden meets and his low opinion of them, but this quote in the middle of the story expresses Holden’s true problem with it. It’s not so much that people put on airs and pretend to be something they’re not, it’s that they care about the wrong things. For Holden, what offends him here is that the woman is becoming emotional about the fake people on the screen while ignoring her unhappy child. To Holden, it should always be the other way around. This gets to the core of Holden’s war against time and maturity. As people get older, he sees them consistently ignoring what he thinks is important in favor of things he considers less so. He worries that by giving in and growing up he will forget Allie and start caring about fake things like the movies instead. â€Å"I walked all around the whole damn lake – I damn near fell in once, in fact – but I didnt see a single duck. I thought maybe if there were any around, they might be asleep or something near the edge of the water, near the grass and all. Thats how I nearly fell in. But I couldnt find any.† Holden’s obsession with death and mortality drives the entire story, as it’s heavily implied that his emotional troubles and difficulties in school began when his brother Allie died a few years before the story opens. Holden is terrified that nothing lasts, that everything- including himself- will die and disappear like his brother did. The ducks symbolize this fear, as they are a feature of his past, a fond memory that is suddenly gone, leaving no trace. At the same time, the ducks are also a sign of hope for Holden. They represent a comforting constant, because Holden knows that when the weather warms up again the ducks will return. This adds a faint note of hope that is amplified by the revelation at the end of the novel that Holden is telling his story from a place of safety and calm, implying that for Holden the ducks have finally returned. â€Å"Anyway, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobodys around- nobody big, I mean- except me. And Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff- I mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. Thats all Id do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know its crazy, but thats the only thing Id really like to be. I know its crazy.† This quote not only gives the novel its title, it explains Holden’s fundamental issue in a beautiful, poetic way. Holden sees maturity as inherently bad- growing up leads to corruption and phoniness, and finally death. Everything Holden has observed in his life has told him that his brother Allie and his sister Phoebe are perfect in their childhood innocence, but will become like all of Holden’s despised schoolmates, teachers, and other adults in due time. He wishes to stop that passage of time and freeze everyone at a more innocent point in their lives. Crucially, Holden sees himself as all alone in this endeavor- the only person willing to attempt this feat, or qualified to do so. The fact that the song Holden’s mis-remembers- Coming Through the Rye- is actually about people sneaking into the fields to have illicit sexual encounters makes Holden’s immaturity obvious. It’s also another example of something Holden believes to be pure and innocent being corrupted and ruined by adult sensibilities, even if he’s not aware of the fact in the story.

Rhetoical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetoical analysis - Essay Example The author uses rhetorical techniques of logos, facts, and analogy, to effectively convince the readers, and make them aware of the limitations of the embryonic stem cells in human use. The author uses analogy as a strategy of making the readers relate to the issue she is addressing. In this case, Swenson has referred to The Emperor’s New Clothes, a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, which she knows is quite popular among the audience. This is about an emperor, who considered that his clothes were the best, compared to those of other people. He therefore, goes in public to display his new clothing, yet this was an imaginary instance in his mind. In reality, he had nothing on, and a child notices this and acknowledges it. Swenson uses this scenario to link with the case of the scientists working on the embryonic stem cell. He wants to make his audience to understand that, the whole embryonic stem cell project by scientists is in vain, imaginary, and likened to a fairy tale, just like the emperor’s imaginary valuable clothes. By using analogy, he compares the scientific project and the emperor’s incidence, as having similar outcomes, which is false hope. This ensures that this comparison remains memorable among the audience, thus making it easy for them to relate with (Swenson WEB). Secondly, the author uses evidence or support, to back her argument in the issue. This helps to make the audience consider the argument as having a solid ground. Swenson uses different forms of evidence to support her argument. For instance, she directs the audience to a website that will provide them with more information about the success of adult stem cells and cord blood treatments in treatment of many types of conditions. This supports her argument that only adult stem cell and cord blood treatment are successful in curing various conditions, and not the embryonic stem cell. She also revisits other incidences where embryonic stem cells failed to

Business Management Tasks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Management Tasks - Essay Example This discussion highlights that  at the top of the structure is the CEO/President who oversees all the operations of the company he is at the top of the pyramid in decision making process. Company’s departments are categorized into either support or operations. Support include: human resources, finance, marketing, and property. Operation includes the other parts of the business.   At Pizza Hut every division plays a different function making it easier for the CEO to determine whether or not the divisions are performing as per required. This is a kind of structure that encourages specialization as each division consists of employees who have the required skills, experience, and character that are required for the function that the division serves.As the report stresses  the company is divided into departments each headed by a director. Every department has a specific function that is expected to perform a specific function the departments that are present in Pizza Hut are : marketing, human resource management, public relations, procurement, operations. This kind of organizational structure can be referred to as composite organizational structure because it is a blend of a hierarchical organizational structure and divisional organization structure. Despite the fact that the organization has various departments performing different functions there are divisions within the department with the leader of each subdivision reporting to the head of department.